Six Stances for the believer during pre-decreed difficult times

When something pre-decreed happens to the servant, and it is something which he dislikes, then he must adopt six stances regarding it:

1. The stance of Tawheed:

 

And that Allaah is the One Who decreed it, willed it, and created it. Whatever Allaah willed occurs, and whatever He did not will shall not occur.

 

2. The stance of Justice (al-'Adl):

 

And that His Judgement applies and occurs upon him, and whatever He ordains concerning him is fully just.

 

3. The stance of Mercy (ar-Rahmah):

 

And that His Mercy in this decreed matter outweighs His Anger, and His punishing; and that Mercy is its basis.

 

4. The stance of Wisdom (al-Hikmah):

 

And that His Wisdom - He the One free of all imperfections - necessitated that it should occur. He did not ordain it without purpose, or frivolously.

 

5. The stance of Praise (al-Hamd):

 

And that He - the Perfect - deserves full praise for that, from every aspect.

 

6. The stance of Servitude (al-'Uboodiyyah):

 

And that he is entirely a slave, in every sense. The Judgements and Decrees of his Master apply and occur upon him, since he belongs to Him and is His slave. So He controls him such that he is under His Decrees which relate to the creation, just as He controls him in his being under His Judgements relating to the Religion. So it is fully appropriate that these Decrees occur upon him.

 Source: Al-Fawaa`id of Imaam Ibn Al-Qayyim

The virtue of patience

The virtue of patience

Q. Could you tell me some of the verses and ahaadeeth that speak of the virtue of patience?

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A. Praise be to Allaah.

Allaah has made patience like a horse that never gets tired, an army that can never be defeated and a strong fortress that can never be breached. Patience and victory are twin brothers, for victory comes with patience, relief comes with distress and ease comes with hardship. Patience is of more help to the one who has it than men, as it helps without any need for equipment or numbers and its relationship to victory is like that of the head to the body.

In the Qur’aan, Allaah has guaranteed those who are patient that He will give them reward without measure.

He tells them that He is with them by guiding and supporting them and granting them a clear victory. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Surely, Allaah is with those who are As‑Saabiroon (the patient)”
[al-Anfaal 6:46]

Allaah has made leadership in terms of religion conditional upon patience and certain faith, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And We made from among them (Children of Israel), leaders, giving guidance under Our Command, when they were patient and used to believe with certainty in Our Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.)”
[al-Sajdah 32:34]

Allaah tells us that patience is better for those who are patient, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“But if you endure patiently, verily, it is better for As‑Saabiroon (the patient)”
[al-Nahl 16:126]

Allaah tells us if we are patient and pious, the plot of the enemy cannot do any harm, even if he is powerful, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“But if you remain patient and become Al-Muttaqoon (the pious), not the least harm will their cunning do to you. Surely, Allaah surrounds all that they do”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:120]

Allaah tells us that the patience and piety of his Prophet Yoosuf brought him to a position of power and strength, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, he who fears Allaah with obedience to Him (by abstaining from sins and evil deeds, and by performing righteous good deeds), and is patient, then surely, Allaah makes not the reward of the Muhsinoon (good‑doers) to be lost”
[Yoosuf 12:90]

Allaah has connected success to patience and piety, and the believers understand that. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“O you who believe! Endure and be more patient (than your enemy), and guard your territory by stationing army units permanently at the places from where the enemy can attack you, and fear Allaah, so that you may be successful”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:200]

Allaah tells us that He loves those who are patient, and that is the greatest encouragement. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And Allaah loves As-Saabiroon (the patient)”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:146]

Allaah has given glad tidings of three things to those who are patient, each of which is better than that for which the people of this world envy one another. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“but give glad tidings to As‑ Saabiroon (the patient).

156. Who, when afflicted with calamity, say: ‘Truly, to Allaah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return.’

157. They are those on whom are the Salawaat (i.e. who are blessed and will be forgiven) from their Lord, and (they are those who) receive His Mercy, and it is they who are the guided ones”
[al-Baqarah 2:155-157]

Allaah exhorts His slaves to seek help with patience and prayer when facing calamities that may befall a person. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And seek help in patience and As-Salaah (the prayer) and truly, it is extremely heavy and hard except for Al-Khaashi‘oon [i.e. the true believers in Allaah — those who obey Allaah with full submission, fear much from His punishment, and believe in His Promise (Paradise) and in His Warnings (Hell)]”
[al-Baqarah 2:54]

Allaah states that the victory of attaining Paradise and being saved from Hell will be won only by those who are patient, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, I have rewarded them this Day for their patience; they are indeed the ones that are successful”
[al-Mu’minoon 23:111]

Allaah tells us that the desire to earn His reward and to turn away from this world and its adornments is attained only by those who are patient and are believers. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“But those who had been given (religious) knowledge said: “Woe to you! The reward of Allaah (in the Hereafter) is better for those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and this none shall attain except those who are As‑Saabiroon (the patient in following the truth)”
[al-Qasas 28:80]

Allaah tells us that repelling evil with that which is better makes the evildoer become like a close friend. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“The good deed and the evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (the evil) with one which is better (i.e. Allaah orders the faithful believers to be patient at the time of anger, and to excuse those who treat them badly) then verily he, between whom and you there was enmity, (will become) as though he was a close friend”
[Fussilat 41:34]

But this is something that “none is granted it (the above quality) except those who are patient — and none is granted it except the owner of the great portion (of happiness in the Hereafter, i.e., Paradise and of a high moral character) in this world” 

[Fussilat 41:35].

Allaah tells us, and reinforces it with an oath, (interpretation of the meaning):

“By Al‑‘Asr (the time).

2. Verily, man is in loss,

3. Except those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, and recommend one another to the truth [i.e. order one another to perform all kinds of good deeds (Al‑Ma‘roof) which Allaah has ordained, and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds (Al‑Munkar) which Allaah has forbidden], and recommend one another to patience (for the sufferings, harms, and injuries which one may encounter in Allaah’s Cause during preaching His religion of Islamic Monotheism or Jihad)”
[al-‘Asr 103]

Allaah will divide His creation into two categories: those who are on the right hand and those who are on the left hand (cf. al-Waaqi’ah 56:8ff); those who are on the right hand are those who recommend one another to patience and mercy.

Allaah has chosen the people of patience and gratitude to benefit from His signs and be distinguished by this great good fortune. He says in four places in His Book (interpretation of the meaning):

“Truly, therein are Ayaat (evidences, proofs and signs) for every patient, thankful (person)”
[Ibraahem 14:5; Luqmaan 31:31; Saba 24:19; al-Shoora 42:33]

Allaah has made forgiveness and reward conditional upon doing righteous deeds and being patient, and that is easy for the one for whom He makes it easy. Allaah says:

“Except those who show patience and do righteous good deeds: those, theirs will be forgiveness and a great reward (Paradise)”
[Hood 11:11]

Allaah tells us that patience and forgiveness are among the things recommended by Allaah and those who pay heed to this will never lose, as He says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And verily, whosoever shows patience and forgives, that would truly be from the things recommended by Allaah”
[al-Shoora 42:34]

Allaah commanded His Messenger to wait patiently for His Decision, and told him that his patience is not but from Him, and by virtue of patience all calamities become easy, as He said (interpretation of the meaning):

“So wait patiently (O Muhammad) for the Decision of your Lord, for verily, you are under Our Eyes”
[al-Toor 52:48]

And He said (interpretation of the meaning):

“And endure you patiently (O Muhammad), your patience is not but from Allaah. And grieve not over them (polytheists and pagans), and be not distressed because of what they plot.

128. Truly, Allaah is with those who fear Him (keep their duty unto Him), and those who are Muhsinoon (good‑doers)”
[al-Nahl 16:127]

Patience is the foundation of the believer’s faith which has no other foundation. The one who has no patience has no faith, and if he has any, then it is only a little faith and it is very weak, and such a person worships Allaah as it were upon the edge (i.e. in doubt): if good befalls him, he is content therewith; but if a trial befalls him he turns back on his face (i.e. reverts to disbelief after embracing Islam). He loses both this world and the Hereafter (cf. al-Hajj 22:11). All he gets from them is a losing deal.

The best life is attained by the blessed through patience, and they rise to the highest degrees through their gratitude. So they fly on the wings of patience and gratitude to gardens of delight (i.e., Paradise). That is the bounty of Allaah that He bestows upon whomsoever He will, and Allaah is the Owner of Great Bounty.
End quote from ‘Uddat al-Saabireen by Ibn al-Qayyim, p. 3-5.

With regard to the ahaadeeth which speak of the virtue of patience, they include the following:

Al-Bukhaari (1496) and Muslim (1053) narrated that Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “…whoever is patient Allaah will bestow patience upon him, and no one is ever given anything better and more generous than patience.”

And Muslim (918) narrated that Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (S) say: “There is no Muslim who is stricken with a calamity and says what Allaah has enjoined – ‘Verily to Allaah we belong and unto Him is our return. O Allaah, reward me for my affliction and compensate me with something better’ – but Allaah will compensate him with something better.”

And Muslim (2999) narrated that Suhayb (may Allaah be pleased with him)said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “How wonderful is the affair of the believer, for his affairs are all good, and this applies to no one but the believer. If something good happens to him, he is thankful for it and that is good for him. If something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience and that is good for him.”

For more ahaadeeth about the virtue of patience and exhortation to be patient, please see al-Targheeb wa’l-Tarheeb by al-Mundhiri (4/274-302).

‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azeez (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: Allaah has not bestowed any blessing upon His slaves then taken it away and replaced it with patience, but what He has compensated them with is better than what He has taken away.

And Allaah knows best.

Islam Q&A

Ref: http://islamqa.com/en/ref/35869

“Draw Muhammad Day” re-visited using the Islamic Principles during Times of Fitan

“Draw Muhammad Day” re-visited using the Islamic Principles during Times of Fitan

(Principles have been explained by Shaikh Salih ibn Abdul-Aziz Aal-Shaikh in the book “Islamic Principles for the Muslim’s Attitude during Times of Fitan” – Translated by Shawana A. Aziz. Download the book… here)

Last year, most of the Facebook users might have come across about “Draw Muhammad Day“ event to defame the honor of our beloved Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). This event was planned and propagated by some of the evil-minded non-Muslims, that they all would have a contest on 20^th of May, 2010, whereby they would depict and draw the images of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). The news of this contest/event caught limelight in the news channels and other broadcasts media all over the globe.

Our [Muslims] love for the Prophet (Peace and Mercy of Allah be upon him) is one of their exploitation factor and we should not be surprised to see similar Fitan (pl. of Fitnah) in the future. This planned event was another disguised Fitnah (Trial and Tribulation) that would not have turned out to be so blown-out of proportion as it is being recalled today; if only some of the principles set forth by the scholars of Islam were studied, understood and adhered to by the common Muslim masses. Eventually, the page was removed by Facebook and the disrupters of Peace were not successful in carrying out the defaming contest on 20^th May.

Going forward from here, we will try to assess the actions on part of the Muslims, should all of them had adhered to some (if not all) of Islamic Principles during the time of Fitan (Trials and Tribulation); in this case the Fitnah is “Inciting Disruption of Peace using the defaming ‘Draw Muhammad Day’ contest”.

The First Principle
‘When Fitan emerge and situations change, then one should act with kindness, wisdom and deliberation/tolerance and without haste.’

Contrary to the first principle, the popularity of a small page on Facebook (that had no importance at all) was spread like wildfire. Muslims made a big deal out of it and gave them the importance and popularity they needed to spread their word. Should they have left them alone by being tolerant, people would not have noticed if such an event was ever planned or even took place.

The Second Principle
‘If Fitan emerge or the situations change, then do not give a judgment about anything related to the Fitan or concerning the change in the situation except after fully grasping/understanding it.’

This principle tells us not to give our judgment until we understand the whole issue. Instead, most of the people started reacting of spreading the information of the subject, and some of them even went a step ahead by giving verdicts and using abusive languages (thus not following the desirable etiquettes of a Muslim).

The Fourth Principle

‘The Muslims must stick to the Jama'ah (i.e., the Imams and scholars) of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah and abide by their sayings’

The fourth principle should have been very clear to us, which talks about sticking to the wisdom and decision of the Scholars. An incident such as “Draw Muhammad Day” is not something new to us. It has happened in the past, the well-known ‘Danish Cartoons’ Fitnah. The topnotch scholars of Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama’ah have already presented their Islamic Rulings (Fatawas) and have very well written advices on how we Muslims should behave/react, when such Fitan arise.

A simple Islamic website like “Islam QA” should have been sufficient for the Web-Savvy Facebook Muslim masses to have known how to search on the fundamentals of approaching these issues (Fitan).

The Fifth Principle

‘A Muslim should weigh the banners that are raised during Fitan – whether state banners or banners of the callers – in the scale of the Sharee'ah – the scale of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah’

One should weigh the banners using the scale of the Sharee’ah during the Times of Fitan. We saw Pages, Groups and Messages on Boycott Facebook, and un-Islamic comments were seen in large numbers (as a response to the “Draw Muhammad Day” page).
We should not forget Facebook and similar Social Networking Tools have also been beneficial to so many Muslims, where they have come to learn a lot of authentic Islamic Knowledge via these tools. If one was to blame a tool for evil, one must not forget the very same tool has also been used to for doing good. Banning the tool will not change people’s hearts and their actions. 

Moreover, if the Government decided to ban Facebook, it should have been that nation’s decision until the issue is resolved (in this case removing of the page from Facebook). Individual efforts to boycott Facebook are nothing but futile attempts.

Furthermore, we forgot how patient and humble our beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) was in reaction to people who tortured & abused him in Makkah.

The Seventh Principle

‘Allah has ordered us to align ourselves with the believers, especially the scholars’

This principle tells us what Allah (Glorified be He) has ordered us to do, i.e. “To align ourselves with the believers (especially the scholars)”.

If every Muslim follows this principle in his/her daily life, then the outcome surely should be beneficial for that Muslim as well as others in his contact. The scholars are the best amongst us and a source of knowledge and wisdom. They can surely assist us in matters pertaining to our lives and our belief. If majority of us follow this principle, then all the previously drafted outcomes of adhering to the respective principles would have easily been upheld.

The Eighth Principle

‘Disassociation from the disbelievers’

The eighth principle, in my opinion, was sufficient for all of us so to have avoided the wildfire propagation of this Fitnah. We should have disassociated ourselves from the ideologies & the subsequently based actions of these factions of non-Muslims; who, in the name of freedom of speech, were carrying out defaming attacks on the character of our beloved Prophet (Peace & Blessings of Allah be upon him). If all of us had followed this principle and had not visited and made this page so popular in the first place, then these fanatics would not have got the hype they needed to spread their lowly call and their so called “Freedom of Speech”.

Using only Six of the Nine principles of Fitan, I have tried to highlight the beneficial use of their application. A detailed study and propagation of these principles will help the Muslim masses understand and tackle any sort of Fitan (Trial and Tribulation), Insha-Allah (God-Willing), thus achieving peace and harmony in our lives and that of others.

For detailed study on the course, I would suggest you to go through the book by Shaikh Salih ibn Abdul-Aziz Aal-Shaikh titled “Islamic Principles for the Muslim’s Attitude during Times of Fitan” – Translated by Shawana A. Aziz. (Download the book… here)

Types of Martyrs in Islam

Q. Does a person who died of cancer as a result of smoking attain the status of a martyr?

A. Praise be to Allaah.


It is proven in the saheeh Sunnah that there are various kinds of martyrs who will attain the status of martyrdom in the Hereafter; this is by the grace and mercy of Allah.


It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said:
“The martyrs are five: the one who dies of the plague, the one who dies of a stomach disease, the one who drowns, the one who is crushed beneath a falling wall, and the martyr who is killed for the sake of Allaah.”


Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allah have mercy on him) said:


Ibn al-Teen said: All of these are deaths which involve hardship. Allah has bestowed His grace upon the ummah of Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) by making them means of erasing their sins and increasing their rewards, and enabling them to attain the status of martyrdom.


Fath al-Baari, 6/44


If a person dies of cancer, some of the scholars are of the view that he is included among the types of martyr mentioned in the hadeeth, on the basis that the word mabtoon (the one who dies of a disease in the abdomen) is general and includes everyone who dies of a disease in his abdomen and that this does not apply to any one specific disease.


Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:


The word mabtoon means the one with a disease in the abdomen, which is diarrhoea. Al-Qaadi said: And it was said that he is the one who suffers from dropsy or oedema and swelling of the abdomen. And it was said that it refers to the one who suffers some disease in his abdomen. And it was said that it refers to anyone who dies from a disease in the abdomen in general. End quote from Sharh Muslim by al-Nawawi.


But it should be noted that this suggestion is connected to two conditions:


(i) that the site of the cancer be in the abdomen so that he may truly be said to be mabtoon.


Shaykh ‘Abd al-Muhsin al-‘Abbaad (may Allah preserve him) was asked:


Does a person who dies of cancer come under the heading of mabtoon?


He replied:


No, because cancer is not always in the stomach; it may be somewhere other than the stomach.


Sharh Sunan Abi Dawood (tape no. 230)


As the site of your friend’s cancer was in the throat, he is not included among any of the groups who are regarded as martyrs.


(ii) that the disease should not have been caused by smoking, taking drugs or drinking alcohol, or other haraam things, unless he has repented sincerely from that and has given up consuming those haraam things.


This condition is general and applies to all those mentioned in the hadeeth. If a woman is pregnant as the result of zina and dies in labour, she is not regarded as one of the martyrs. If a person who drowned had boarded the boat or ship in order to commit sin or some immoral activity, and dies as a result of drowning, he is not one of the martyrs. A person who is killed by a falling wall when he is committing zina or drinking alcohol is not one of the martyrs. In the answer to question no. 45669, we have quoted the Standing Committee as saying that a person who dies as the result of a car accident when he was inside the car comes under the same heading as one who was killed by a falling wall, so he is a martyr, by Allah’s leave. But this cannot be applied to those foolish young men to whom this happens when they are racing in their cars, or to those who compete in difficult circumstances in the mountains or in the snow (“extreme sports”).


In the answer to question no. 22140, we quoted Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah as saying that if a person drowns after boarding a ship for sinful purposes, he is not a martyr.


And elsewhere he said:


Whoever wants to follow a path where the possibilities of being safe or being killed are equal has to refrain from following it; if he does not refrain, then he is aiding in his own destruction so he is not a martyr.


Al-Fataawa al-Kubra, 5/381


Al-Suyooti (may Allah have mercy on him) said:


Al-Qurtubi said: This and the previous one -- i.e., those who are killed by a falling wall or drowning -- if they did not take risks and did not fail to take precautions, (then they are martyrs). But if they did not take precautions and died as a result of that, then they are sinners.


Al-Deebaaj ‘ala Muslim (4/508)


In al-Mawsoo‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah (26/273, 274) it says:


An exception is made in the case of one who travels for the purpose of sin and dies away from home. Another exception is made in the case of one who drowns but was sinning by boarding the ship when he knew that it was most likely not to be safe for him to do so, or he boarded it for the purpose of committing sin. Another exception is made in the case of a woman who is pregnant as a result of zina and dies in childbirth.
End quote.


If the person who is slain in battle was fighting for the sake of tribalism or to show off, he does not attain the virtue or status of martyrdom, and it is more likely that such people will not attain that great reward.


Summary:

Cancer in and of itself does not mean that the person who dies of it is one of the types of martyrs, unless the disease was in his abdomen. That is not what is stated in the hadeeth; rather it is the ijtihaad (opinion) of some scholars with regard to the meaning of mabtoon. If a person’s disease was caused by smoking and the like, and he dies of it before repenting, then he is not a martyr, even if the disease was in his abdomen. But if the disease in his abdomen was not the result of a haraam action, we hope that he will attain the status of the martyrs in the Hereafter, in sha Allah.

And Allaah knows best.

Islam QA
Ref: http://islamqa.com/en/ref/145203/

THE CONCENSUS OF THE SALAF ON THE PROHIBITION OF REVILING THE RULERS BE THEY RIGHTEOUS OR SINFUL

THE CONCENSUS OF THE SALAF ON THE PROHIBITION OF REVILING THE RULERS BE THEY RIGHTEOUS OR SINFUL

Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said,
“This is a great topic, containing much benefit and due to ignorance of this topic a great mistake has fallen upon the Sharee’ah...” up until he said, after mentioning that the basis of the Sharee’ah is built upon the welfare and benefits of the servants, “... The Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) legislated for his ummah, the obligation of rejecting the evil so that by its rejection, the goodness that Allaah and His Messenger love is obtained. And when rejecting the evil leads to what is more evil and more hated by Allah and His Messenger then it is not allowed to reject it— even if Allaah hates it and detests those who perform it (the evil). And this is like rejection (inkaar) against the kings, and the ones in authority by coming out against them (with arms etc., to fight them), for verily, that is the basis and foundation of every evil and every tribulation till the end of time.
And the Companions asked permission from the Messenger of Allaah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) for killing the leaders (Umaraa’) who delay the prayer from its proper time, saying, ‘Shall we not kill them.’ So he said, “No, so long as they establish the prayer,” and he also said, “Whoever sees something from his leader (ameer) something that he dislikes then let him be patient and let him not raise his hand (away) from the leader’s obedience.”
And whoever reflects upon the greatest and smallest trials that have befallen Islaam, then he will see that they are due to the negligence and wastage of this principle and the lack of patience upon (witnessing) evil. So he seeks to bring about its end and as a result of this, a greater evil is brought about. And the Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) saw the greatest of evils in Makkah and he was not able to change them. In fact even when Allaah opened up Makkah for the Muslims (i.e., gave the Muslims victory over it) and when it became Daarul-Islaam he was resolved to changing the Ka’bah and returning it to the foundations that ibraaheem (alaihi as-alaam) had built it upon, but even though he had the capacity to do that, he was prevented from it by the fear that something greater would occur due to the lack of tolerance of the Quraish, since they were new to Islaam and had recently left disbelief — and for this reason he did not grant permission for rebelling against the leaders (Umaraa’) with the use of one’s hand (i.e., with force) due to the greatness of what results afterwards on account of it ...“
‘I’laamul-Muwaqqi‘een ‘an Rabbil-’Aabaineen

Ibn Abee ‘Aasim reported from Ahul-Yamaan al-Hawzaniyy from Abud-Dardaa that he said,
“Beware of cursing the Rulers (Wullaat), for verily, cursing them is clipping (i.e., of the religion) and hating them is barrenness.” It was said, ‘0 Aboo Dardaa, then how should we behave when we see in them that which we do not like?’ He said, “Have patience, for verily, when Allaah sees that from you He will take them away from you with death.”
As-Sunnah, 2/488

Imaam al-Barbahaaree (d. 329) said,
“When you see a man making a supplication against the Ruler (Sultaan) then know that he is a person of desire. And when you hear a man making a supplication for the Ruler, for his rectification, then know that he is a person of the Sunnah, if Allaah, the Exalted, wills. Fudayl Ibn ‘Iyaad says, “If I had a supplication (that would be answered) I would not make it except for the Ruler.” So we have been commanded that we supplicate for them, for their rectification and we have not been commanded to make a supplication against them, even if they oppress and commit injustice, and this is because their oppression and injustice is against themselves but their rectification is for them and for the Muslims.”
Tabaqaatub-Hanaabilah, 2/36.

Imaam ash-Shawkaanee said,
“It is desirable for the one to whom a mistake of the leader (Imaam) appears in certain matters that he advises him but does not openly rebuke him in front of all the people to see. Rather it should be as has been reported in the hadeeth - that he should take him by the hand, should take him into seclusion and should offer him the advice, and he should not humiliate the sultaan of Allaah. And we have already said in the beginning of the book of Siyar that it is not permissible to revolt against the leaders, even if they reach (excessive) levels of oppression, as long as they establish the prayer and no manifest and clear disbelief appears from them.
And the ahaadeeth that have been reported with this meaning are mutawaathir. However, it is necessary for the follower that he follows the leader (Imaam) in obedience to Allaah and he disobeys him in (what entails) disobedience to Allaah, for verily there is no obedience to the creation in disobedience to Allaah.”
As-Sailal-Jarraar, 4/556

It has been established from the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) that he said,
“There are three things towards which the heart of a Muslim never shows hatred or rancour: making ones action sincerely for the sake of Allah, giving obedience to the rulers (wulaatul-amr) and sticking to the group (jamaa‘ah) - for verily, their supplication encompasses those who are behind them (i.e., those whom they rule over).”
(This Hadeeth has been reported from a group among the Companions; Sunan at-Tirmidhee, no. 2657, Al-Musnad 4/80-82 and 183, Jaami’ul-Usool 1/265 and Majma ‘uz-Zawaa’id 1/137-139)

Footnotes:
The above text is from the Book, Mu’aamalatul-Hukkaami fee Daw’il-Kitaabi was-Sunnah, pp. 173-185, by Shaikh ‘Abdus-Salaam ibn Barjas ibn Naasir Aal-’Abdul-Kareem.

Do sins have any effect on the family of the sinner?

Do sins have any effect on the family of the sinner?

Q. My parents say that if I commit sin it would have an affect on the entire family. Lately they have been going through some hard times such as loosing money by theft and paying penalties. Can it be because of me or the sins that I have commited in past?

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Praise be to Allaah.

No person will be punished for the sins of another. Each person will be brought to account for his own sins.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And no bearer of burdens shall bear another’s burden”[Faatir 35:18]

But if the father or mother commits a sin, this may be a cause of making the family members follow their example.
Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz, 2/610

But the consequences of the sins committed by the sinner may go beyond him to affect his family, as a punishment for him and a test for his family. Allaah tests man with disasters in order to expiate for his sins, and Allaah may test people with blessings.

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“We shall make a trial of you with evil and with good” [al-Anbiya’ 21:35]

Whatever the case, the Muslim must avoid sin so that he will not be subject to the wrath and anger of Allaah.

And Allaah knows best.

Islam Q&A
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Ref: http://islamqa.com/en/ref/9047

Poverty and its negative effects, and means of eliminating it in Islam

Poverty and its negative effects, and means of eliminating it in Islam

Q. How can Islam fight poverty?

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Praise be to Allaah. 

Firstly: 

Poverty is one of the calamities that Allaah has decreed should happen, either to a specific person or a family or a society. Poverty has negative effects on people’s beliefs and conduct. Immoral behaviour becomes widespread to a large extent because of poverty, as a means of meeting people’s needs, so theft, murder, zina and sale of haraam things become widespread. 

Undoubtedly these things have a negative effect on individuals and societies. Allaah tells us that some of the mushrikeen used to kill their children, the apples of their eyes, either because of the poverty in which they were living or for fear of poverty that might befall them. Allaah says of the first case (interpretation of the meaning): 

“kill not your children because of poverty — We provide sustenance for you and for them”

[al-An’aam 6:151] 

And He says of the second case (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And kill not your children for fear of poverty. We shall provide for them as well as for you. Surely, the killing of them is a great sin”

[al-Isra’ 17:31] 

In al-Saheehayn there is narrated the story of a woman of the Children of Israel who, when she needed money and felt under pressure, she could not find anyone but her paternal cousin who wanted to have his way with her in return for giving her money. Then Allaah saved her from that after she reminded him of Allaah and told him to fear Him. 

Whatever the case, it is well known that poverty leads to crimes and corruption. Many nations suffer from it and are looking for solutions to this problem, but to no avail, and there is no solution except in Islam, which brought rulings for all people until the Hour begins. 

Secondly: 

The means that have been prescribed by Islam to solve the problem of poverty and combat it are as follows: 

1 – Teaching people to believe truly that provision comes from Allaah and that He is the Provider (al-Razzaaq), and every calamity that Allaah decrees is for a reason, and that the poor Muslim should be patient in bearing his calamity and strive to relieve himself and his family of poverty. 

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“Verily, Allaah is the All‑Provider, Owner of Power, the Most Strong”

[al-Dhaariyaat 51:58] 

“And no moving (living) creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allaah. And He knows its dwelling place and its deposit (in the uterus or grave). All is in a Clear Book (Al‑Lawh Al‑Mahfooz — the Book of Decrees with Allaah)”

[Hood 11:6] 

“Who is he that can provide for you if He should withhold His provision? Nay, but they continue to be in pride, and (they) flee (from the truth)”

[al-Mulk 67:21] 

“And indeed We have honoured the Children of Adam, and We have carried them on land and sea, and have provided them with At‑Tayyibaat (lawful good things), and have preferred them above many of those whom We have created with a marked preferment”

[al-Isra’ 17:70] 

It is because of these beliefs that a man should bear with patience whatever befalls him of the calamity of poverty, and turn to Allaah alone in seeking provision, and accept the decree of Allaah, and strive to earn a living. 

It was narrated that Suhayb al-Roomi (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: 

“How wonderful is the situation of the believer, for all his affairs are good. If something good happens to him, he gives thanks for it and that is good for him; if something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience, and that is good for him.”
[Narrated by Muslim (2999)]

We can understand the effect of this belief on the Muslims by looking at what happens to others.
In Japan – for example – in 2003 thirty-three thousand people committed suicide! And one of the main reasons for that was unemployment. In a report on the BBC website on 1/9/2004 they said: 

Official statistics show that thirty-three thousand people killed themselves last year in Japan. Japanese officials say that one of the reasons for this rise in the suicide rate is the economic recession that Japan is facing, which is regarded as the worst in fifty years. This has led to an unprecedented rise in unemployment as well as a rise in cases of depression, especially among middle-aged men. [End quote]

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“Truly, your Lord enlarges the provision for whom He wills and straitens (for whom He wills). Verily, He is Ever All‑Knower, All‑Seer of His slaves”

[al-Isra’ 17:30]. 

Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: 

The words of Allaah “Truly, your Lord enlarges the provision for whom He wills and straitens (for whom He wills)” tell us that He, may He be exalted, is the Provider, the Withholder and the Bestower, Who deals with His creation as He wills. He grants independence of means to whomsoever He wills and makes poor whomsoever He wills, with wisdom in that. Hence He says “Verily, He is Ever All‑Knower, All‑Seer of His slaves” i.e., He knows and sees who deserves to be rich and who deserves to be poor. 

In some cases wealth may be a means of letting people get carried away in sin and poverty may be a punishment. We seek refuge with Allaah from both. 

Tafseer Ibn Katheer (5/71).  

2 – Seeking refuge with Allaah from poverty. 

The Sunnah relates to us what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to do and what he taught his ummah to do, which is seeking refuge with Allaah from poverty, because of the effect that it has on a person, his family and his society.   

It was narrated that Muslim ibn Abi Bakrah said: My father used to say following every prayer: Allaahumma inni a’oodhu bika min al-kufri wa’l-faqri wa ‘adhaab il-qabr (O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from disbelief, poverty and the torment of the grave), and I used to say them too. My father said: O my son, where did you get this from? I said: From you. He said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to say that following every prayer. 

[Narrated by al-Nasaa’i (1347); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i]

It was narrated from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to say in his prayer: “Allaahumma inni a’oodhi bika min al-ma’tham wa’l-maghram (O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from sin and heavy debt).” Someone said to him: “How often you seek refuge from heavy debt!” He said: “When a man gets into debt, he speak and tells lies, and he makes a promise and breaks it.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (832) and Muslim (589)]

3 – Encouragement to work and earn a living, and to travel in the land to seek provision. 

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“He it is Who has made the earth subservient to you (i.e. easy for you to walk, to live and to do agriculture on it); so walk in the path thereof and eat of His provision. And to Him will be the Resurrection”

[al-Mulk 67:15] 

“Then when the (Jumu‘ah) Salaah (prayer) is ended, you may disperse through the land, and seek the Bounty of Allaah (by working), and remember Allaah much, that you may be successful”

[al-Jumu’ah 63:10] 

It was narrated from al-Miqdaam (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “No one ever eats any food better than that which he has earned with his own hands. The Prophet of Allaah Dawood (peace be upon him) ate that which he earned with his own hands.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1966)]

It was narrated from al-Zubayr ibn al-‘Awwaam (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If one of you were to take a rope and bring firewood on his back and sell it, thus preserving his dignity, that is better for him than asking of people who may give to him or withhold from him.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1402)]

4 – Making zakaah obligatory on the wealth of the rich 

Allaah has granted the poor a share of zakaah, which is to be given to the poor to keep, and is to be given until he becomes independent of means and is no longer poor. 

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“As-Sadaqaat (here it means Zakaah) are only for the Fuqaraa’ (poor), and Al‑Masaakeen (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allaah’s Cause (i.e. for Mujaahidoon — those fighting in a holy battle), and for the wayfarer (a traveller who is cut off from everything); a duty imposed by Allaah. And Allaah is All-Knower, All-Wise”

[al-Tawbah 9:60] 

“And those in whose wealth there is a recognised right

25. For the beggar who asks, and for the unlucky who has lost his property and wealth (and his means of living has been straitened)”

[al-Ma’aarij 70:24, 25]. 

5 – Encouragement to give charity, set up waqfs and sponsor orphans and widows 

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“So keep your duty to Allaah and fear Him as much as you can; listen and obey, and spend in charity; that is better for yourselves. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness, then they are the successful ones”

[al-Taghaabun 64:16] 

“and whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allaah’s Cause), He will replace it. And He is the Best of providers”

[Saba’ 34:39] 

“And whatever good you send before you for yourselves (i.e. Nawaafil — non‑obligatory acts of worship: prayers, charity, fasting, Hajj and ‘Umrah), you will certainly find it with Allaah, better and greater in reward”

[al-Muzzammil 73:20] 

It was narrated that ‘Adiyy ibn Haatim said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “Whoever among you can shield himself against the Fire, even with half a date, let him do so.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1347) and Muslim (1016)]

It was narrated that Sahl ibn Sa’d said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I and the one who sponsors an orphan will be like this in Paradise” – and he gestured with his forefinger and middle finger, holding them slightly apart. [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (4998).  Muslim (2983) narrated a similar report from the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah]

It was narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The one who strives to help widows and the poor is like the one who strives in jihad for the sake of Allaah and the one who prays at night and the one who fasts during the day.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5038) and Muslim (2982)]

6 – Prohibition on riba (usury), gambling and deceit in selling 

Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“O you who believe! Fear Allaah and give up what remains (due to you) from Ribaa (from now onward) if you are (really) believers.

279. And if you do not do it, then take a notice of war from Allaah and His Messenger but if you repent, you shall have your capital sums. Deal not unjustly (by asking more than your capital sums), and you shall not be dealt with unjustly (by receiving less than your capital sums)”

[al-Baqarah 2:278-279] 

“O you who believe! Intoxicants (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al‑Ansaab (stone altars for sacrifices to idols etc) and Al‑Azlaam (arrows for seeking luck or decision) are an abomination of Shaytaan’s (Satan’s) handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that (abomination) in order that you may be successful”

[al-Maa'idah 5:90] 

It was narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) passed by a pile of foodstuff; he put his hand in it and found that it had gotten wet. He said, “What is this, O seller of the foodstuff?” He said: It got rained on, O Messenger of Allaah. He said: “Why don’t you put it on top of the food so that people can see it? Whoever deceives (people) does not belong to me.” [Narrated by Muslim (102)]

That is because if these things are done and become widespread among people, it means that some are taking people’s wealth unlawfully, and people may lose all their wealth because of them. Hence the texts clearly forbid them. 

7 – Encouragement to help the needy and support the weak 

It was narrated that al-Nu’maan ibn Basheer said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The likeness of the believers in their mutual love, mercy and compassion is that of the body; when one part of it is in pain, the rest of the body joins it in restlessness and fever.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5665) and Muslim (2586)]

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “He is not a Muslim who eats his fill when his neighbour goes hungry.” [Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in al-Shu’ab (9251) and by others. Classed as hasan by al-Albaani]

In Muwatta’ al-Imam Maalik (1742) it is narrated from Yahya ibn Sa’eed that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab met Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah who was carrying some meat with him. He said: What is this? 

He said: O Ameer al-Mu’mineen, we desired meat so I bought some meat for a dirham. 

‘Umar said: Would one of you want to fill his belly apart from his neighbour or his cousin? What don’t you pay heed to the verse “You received your good things in the life of the world, and you took your pleasure therein” [al-Ahqaaf 46:20]? 

Finally: 

This is a brief look at poverty, which points to some of its bad effects. The Muslim knows that poverty and richness, and whether things are given to one or withheld, are all subject to the decree of Allaah. So he bears hardships with patience when they come, and he thanks Allaah, may He be exalted, for good times when he finds them. But he is required to work and seek to earn a living so as to relieve himself and his family of poverty. But if someone is unable to do that because of health reasons or problems in his land, then Islam relieves him of poverty by means of zakaah and charity that are given by the rich. This is the share of their wealth that the poor are entitled to. 

And Allaah knows best.

Islam Q&A

Ref: http://islamqa.com/en/ref/95340/

Seriousness of debt

Seriousness of debt

Praise be to Allaah.

The fuqaha’ define dayn (debt) as an obligation to be fulfilled, as it says in al-Mawsoo’ah al-Fiqhiyyah (21/102). The linguistic meaning of the word dayn (debt) in Arabic has to do with submission and humiliation. The connection between the shar’i meaning and the linguistic meaning is clear.
The debtor is a prisoner, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Your companion is being detained by his debt.” [Narrated by Abu Dawood, 3341; classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.]

Islam takes the matter of debt very seriously and warns against it and urges the Muslim to avoid it as much as possible. 

It was narrated from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to say in his prayer: “Allaahumma inni a’oodhi bika min al-ma’tham wa’l-maghram (O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from sin and heavy debt).” Someone said to him: “How often you seek refuge from heavy debt!” He said: “When a man gets into debt, he speak and tells lies, and he makes a promise and breaks it.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (832) and Muslim (589)]

It was narrated from Thawbaan (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: 

“Whoever dies free from three things – arrogance, cheating and debt – will enter Paradise.” 

[Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (1572); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi]

It was narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The soul of the believer is suspended because of his debt until it is paid off.” 

[Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (1078)]

It was also narrated that many of the salaf warned against debt. 

It was narrated that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "Beware of debt, for it starts with worry and it ends with war." [Narrated by Maalik in al-Muwatta’ (2/770)]

In Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaaq (3/57) it says: 

Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: 

O Humraan, fear Allaah and do not die in debt, lest it be taken from your good deeds when there will be no dinars and no dirhams.

These stern warnings about debt only came because of the negative consequences to which it leads both on an individual level and on a community level. 

With regard to the personal level, al-Qurtubi said in al-Jaami’ li Ahkaam al-Qur’aan (3/417): 

Our scholars said: 

It is a disgrace and a humiliation because it preoccupies the mind and makes one worried about paying it off, and makes one feel humiliated before the lender when meeting him, and feeling that he is doing one a favour when accepting a delay in payment. Perhaps he may promise himself that he will pay it off then break that promise, or speak to the lender and lie to him, or swear an oath to him then break it, and so on. Moreover, he may die without having paid off the debt so he will be held hostage because of it, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The soul of the believer is held hostage by his debt in his grave until it is paid off.” [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 1078]. All of that undermines one’s religious commitment. 

With regard to the community level, specialists have described the negative consequences and the danger it poses to the economy, for example: 

1-    Desire for immediate gratification with no thought of the future

2-    Lack of responsibility and self-reliance

3-    Poor distribution of wealth 

In order to understand these negative consequences better, please see the study by Shaykh Saami al-Suwaylim entitled Mawqif al-Sharee’ah al-Islamiyyah min al-Dayn (6-11).  

Based on the above, the scholars have stipulated three conditions for debt to be permissible: 

1-    The borrower should be determined to repay it.

2-    It should be known or thought most likely that he is able to repay it,

3-    It should be for something that is permissible according to Sharee’ah. 

Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr said in al-Tamheed (23/238): 

The debt for which a person will be kept out of Paradise – and Allaah knows best – is that for which he left behind enough to pay it off but he did not leave instructions to that effect, or he was able to pay it off but did not do so, or he took the loan for some unlawful or extravagant matter and died without having paid it off. 

As for the one who took a loan for something lawful because he was poor, and he died without leaving behind anything to pay it off, Allaah will not keep him from Paradise because of it, in sha Allaah. [End quote]

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The one who takes people’s wealth intending to pay it back, Allaah will pay it back for him, and the one who takes it intending to destroy it, Allaah will destroy him.” [Narrated by al-Bukhaari (2387)]

In the Sunnah there are a number of du’aa’s which specifically seek the help of Allaah in praying off debts. 

They are: 

1 – It was narrated that Suhayl said: Abu Saalih used to tell us, when one of us wanted to sleep, to lie down on his right side and say: 

“Allaahumma Rabb al-samawaati wa’l-ard wa Rabb al-‘arsh il-‘azeem, Rabbaanaa wa Rabba kulli shay’in, Faaliq al-habb wa’l-nawa wa munzil al-Tawraati wa’l-Injeeli wa’l-Furqaan, a’oodhu bika min sharri kulli shay’in anta aakhidhun bi naasiyatihi. Allaahumma anta al-awwal fa laysa qablaka shay’un, wa anta al-aakhir fa laysa ba’daka shay’un, wa anta al-zaahir fa laysa fawqaka shay’un wa anta al-baatin fa laysa doonaka shay’un. Iqdi ‘annaa al-dayna wa aghninaa min al-faqri (O Allaah, Lord of the seven heavens and the exalted Throne, our Lord and Lord of all things, splitter of the seed and the date-stone, Revealer of the Tawraat and the Injeel and the Furqaan [Qur’aan], I seek refuge in You from the evil of all things You shall seize by the forelock [have total mastery over]. O Allaah, You are the First so there is nothing before You, and You are the Last so there is nothing after You. You are al-Zaahir [the greatest and highest] so there is nothing above You, and You are al-Baatin [aware of the subtlest secrets] so there is nothing closer than You. Settle our debt for us and spare us from poverty).”

He narrated that from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). [Narrated by Muslim (2713)]

2 – It was narrated from ‘Ali (may Allaah be pleased with him) that a mukaatib (slave who had entered into a contract of manumission) came to him and said: “I am unable to pay off my manumission; help me.” He said: “Shall I not tell you some words which the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) taught me? And if you have debt like the mountain of Seer, Allaah will pay it off for you. He said: ‘Say: Allaahumma akfini bi halaalika ‘an haraamika wa aghnini bi fadlika ‘amman siwaaka (O Allaah, suffice me with what You have permitted so that that I have no need of that which You have forbidden, and make me independent of means by Your bounty so that I have no need of anyone besides You).’”

[Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (2563) who said: This is a hasan ghareeb hadeeth. It was also classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi]

3 – It was narrated that Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) said:  

The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) entered the mosque and saw an Ansaari man whose name was Abu Umaamah. He said: “O Abu Umaamah, why do I see you sitting in the mosque when it is not the time for prayer? He said: Worries and debts, O Messenger of Allaah. He said: “Shall I not teach you some words which, if you say them, Allaah will take away your worries and pay off your debts?” He said: Yes, O Messenger of Allaah. He said:

“Say, morning and evening, ‘“Allaahumma inni a’oodhu bika min al-hammi wa’l-hazani, wa a’oodhi bika min al-‘ajzi wa’l-kasali, wa a’oodhu bika min al-jubni wa’l-bukhli, wa a’oodhi bika min ghalabat il-dayn wa qahri al-rijaal (O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from worry and grief, and I seek refuge with You from incapacity and laziness, and I seek refuge with You from cowardice and miserliness, and I seek refuge with You from being heavily in debt and from being overcome by men).” 

He said; I did that, and Allaah took away my worry and paid off my debt. 

[Narrated by Abu Dawood (1555).] 

Its isnaad includes Ghassaan ibn ‘Awf; al-Dhahabi said: he is not strong. Hence Shaykh al-Albaani classed the hadeeth as weak in Da’eef Abi Dawood. But the du’aa’ mentioned – “Allaahumma inni a’oodhu bika min al-hammi wa’l-hazani…” – is proven in al-Saheehayn in a report other than this story of Abu Umaamah.

And Allaah knows best.

 

Islam Q&A

Three questions in the grave

Three questions in the grave (from the trials of the grave)

Praise be to Allaah.  

Firstly:

When the son of Adam dies and his soul departs and he is placed in his grave, then he is in the first stage of the Hereafter, because the grave is the first of the stages of the Hereafter.

It was narrated that Haani’ the freed slave of ‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan said: when ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affaan stood by a grave he would weep until his beard became wet. It was said to him, “You remember Paradise and Hell and you do not weep, but you weep because of this?” He said, “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘The grave is the first of the stages of the Hereafter; whoever is saved from it, whatever comes afterwards will be easier for him, but if he is not saved from it, what comes afterwards will be worse for him.’” And the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I have never seen any scene but the grave is more frightening than it.” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 2308; Ibn Maajah, 4567; classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, 1684).

Secondly:

The two angels who are charged with questioning come to him and ask him what he used to believe in in this world, who was his Lord, what was his religion and who was his Prophet. If he gives a good answer, that is good, but if he does not answer them they inflict a severe and painful beating on him.

If he was one of the righteous, angels with white faces come to him, but if he was one of the evildoers, angels with dark faces come to him. This is the fitnah or tribulation that he suffers.

It was narrated from ‘Aa’ishah that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to say, ‘Allaahumma inni a’oodhu bika min al-kasali wa’l-haram wa’l-maghram wa’l-ma’tham. Allaahumma inni a’oodhu bika min ‘adhaab al-naar wa fitnat il-naar, wa fitnat il-qabri, wa ‘adhaab il-qabri, wa sharri fitnat il-ghina wa sharri fitnat il-faqair wa min sharri fitnat il-maseeh il-Dajjaal. Allaahumma ighsil khataayaaya bi ma’ al-thalji wa’l-baradi wa naqqi qalbi min al-khataaya kama yunaqqa al-thawb al-abyad min al-danas, wa baa’id bayni wa bayna khataayaaya kama baa’adta bayna al-mashriqi wa’l-maghrib (O Allah! I seek refuge with You from laziness and old age, and from debts and sins; from the torment of the Fire and from the tribulation of the Fire, and from the tribulation of the grave and the torment of the grave, and from the evil of the tribulation of wealth, and from the evil of the tribulation of poverty, and from the evil of the tribulation of the Dajjaal (Antichrist). O Allah! Wash away my sins with the water of snow and hail, and cleanse my heart from sin as a white garment is cleansed from filth, and put a great distance between me and my sins, as great as the distance You have made between the East and the West).”
(Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 6014).

Ibn Hajar said:

The phrase “from the tribulation of the grave” means the questioning of the two angels.
Fath al-Baari, 11/177.

And al-Mubaarakfoori said:

“The tribulation of the grave” means confusion when answering the two angels.
Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, 9/328

Thirdly:

With regard to the questions that the angels will ask in the grave, this is explained clearly in the following hadeeth:

It was narrated that al-Bara’ (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: 

We went out with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) for the funeral of a man from among the Ansaar. We came to the grave and when (the deceased) was placed in the lahd, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sat down and we sat around him, as if there were birds on our heads (i.e., quiet and still). In his hand he had a stick with which he was scratching the ground. Then he raised his head and said, “Seek refuge with Allaah from the torment of the grave”, two or three times. Then he said, “When the believing slave is about to depart this world and enter the Hereafter, there come down to him from heaven angels with white faces like the sun, and they sit around him as far as the eye can see. They bring with them shrouds from Paradise and perfumes from Paradise. Then the Angel of Death comes and sits by his head, and he says, ‘O good soul, come forth to forgiveness from Allaah and His pleasure.’ Then it comes out easily like a drop of water from the the mouth of a waterskin. When he seizes it, they do not leave it in his hand for an instant before they take it and put it in that shroud with that perfume, and there comes from it a fragrance like the finest musk on the face of the earth. Then they ascend and they do not pass by any group of angels but they say, ‘Who is this good soul?’ and they say, ‘It is So and so the son of So and so, calling him by the best names by which he was known in this world, until they reach the lowest heaven. They ask for it to be opened to them and it is opened, and (the soul) is welcomed and accompanied to the next heaven by those who are closest to Allaah, until they reach the seventh heaven. Then Allaah says: ‘Record the book of My slave in ‘Illiyoon in the seventh heaven, and return him to the earth, for from it I created them, to it I will return them and from it I will bring them forth once again.’ So his soul is returned to his body and there come to him two angels who make him sit up and they say to him, ‘Who is your Lord?’ He says, ‘Allaah.’ They say, ‘What is your religion?’ He says, ‘My religion is Islam.’ They say, ‘Who is this man who was sent among you?’ He says, ‘He is the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).’ They say, ‘What did you do?’ He says, ‘I read the Book of Allaah and I believed in it.’ Then a voice calls out from heaven, ‘My slave has spoken the truth, so prepare for him a bed from Paradise and clothe him from Paradise, and open for him a gate to Paradise.’ Then there comes to him some of its fragrance, and his grave is made wide, as far as he can see. Then there comes to him a man with a handsome face and handsome clothes, and a good fragrance, who says, ‘Receive the glad tidings that will bring you joy this day.’ He says, ‘Who are you? Your face is a face which brings glad tidings.’ He says, ‘I am your righteous deeds.’ He says, ‘O Lord, hasten the Hour so that I may return to my family and my wealth.’ 

But when the disbelieving slave is about to depart this world and enter the Hereafter, there come down to him from heaven angels with black faces, bringing sackcloth, and they sit around him as far as the eye can see. Then the Angel of Death comes and sits by his head, and he says, ‘O evil soul, come forth to the wrath of Allaah and His anger.’ Then his soul disperses inside his body, then comes out cutting the veins and nerves, like a skewer passing through wet wool. When he seizes it, they do not leave it in his hand for an instant before they take it and put it in that sackcloth, and there comes from it a stench like the foulest stench of a dead body on the face of the earth. Then they ascend and they do not pass by any group of angels but they say, ‘Who is this evil soul?’ and they say, ‘It is So and so the son of So and so, calling him by the worst names by which he was known in this world, until they reach the lowest heaven. They ask for it to be opened to them and it is not opened.” Then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) recited (interpretation of the meaning): 

“for them the gates of heaven will not be opened, and they will not enter Paradise until the camel goes through the eye of the needle”
[al-A’raaf 7:40]

He said: “Then Allaah says, ‘Record the book of My slave in Sijjeen in the lowest earth, and return him to the earth, for from it I created them, to it I will return them and from it I will bring them forth once again.’ So his soul is cast down.” Then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) recited the verse (interpretation of the meaning):

“and whoever assigns partners to Allaah, it is as if he had fallen from the sky, and the birds had snatched him, or the wind had thrown him to a far off place”
[al-Hajj 22:31]

He said: “Then his soul is returned to his body, and there come to him two angels who make him sit up and they say to him, ‘Who is your Lord?’ He says, ‘Oh, oh, I don’t know.’ They say, ‘What is your religion?’ He says, ‘Oh, oh, I don’t know.’ Then a voice calls out from heaven, ‘Prepare for him a bed from Hell and clothe him from Hell, and open for him a gate to Hell.’ Then there comes to him some of its heat and hot winds, and his grave is constricted and compresses him until his ribs interlock. Then there comes to him a man with an ugly face and ugly clothes, and a foul stench, who says, ‘Receive the bad news, this is the day that you were promised.’ He says, ‘Who are you? Your face is a face which forebodes evil.’ He says, ‘I am your evil deeds.’ He says, ‘O Lord, do not let the Hour come, do not let the Hour come.’”
(Narrated by Abu Dawood, 4753; Ahmad, 18063 – this version was narrated by him. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Jaami’, 1676)

The correct view is that the two angels will only question the deceased in his grave about matters of Tawheed (monotheism) and ‘aqeedah (belief). This is quite clear.

And Allaah knows best.

Islam Q&A

Ref: http://islamqa.com/en/ref/10403